19.3

The United States at War
19.3
Japanese victories in the Pacific
Japan won victory, capturing american bases and british and occupying Thailand
German sucess in Europe
Germany captured Stalingrad, Leningrad, and Moscow (summer of 1942)
Turnin Point in the War
Germany launched a 2nd attack in 1942, Stalin pleaded with Roosevelt for an invasion of w. europe that would take the pressure off thegerman army survived and the rest surrendered
German Weak Point Exposed
In N. Africa American and British forces pushed Rommel and his African Korps in Turnisia
in Aug British and US forces took Sicily, Italy, and Mussolini was defeated and the new Italian go vernment surrendered
Victory in Europe
Normandy Invasion
On June 1944, 176,000 troops in five thousand vessels crossed the English Channel to land in the coastline if France, This invasion was known as “D-Day”
General Dwight D Eisenhower led a million allied forces in France within a month after D-Day
Rapid Advance from the East
In January 1944, the Red Army fleed Leningrad from an 890-day German seige, during which 800,000 residents died
Red Army- Soviets
Germany Surrenders
In March 1945, the allies against crossed the Rhine River and moved into the heart of Germany. Meanwhile the soviets to Berlin
In April, Hitler commited suicide
Crimes Against Humanity
The nazi Holocaust was in deliberate extermination of millions of European Jews and other civilians
Not until Allied troops reached the Nazi death camps at Auschwitz, Dachau, buchenwald, and elsewhere- and found the survivors and thegas chambers in which so many had died was the horible truth
War in the Pacific
Aug. of 1942, Americans took the first step on the road of Tokyo when marines landed on Guadalacana in the Solomon Islands
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
In 1945 the last of Japan’s Islands oupost fell with the taking of Iwo Jima in March and Okinawa in June
By the summer of 1945, after Germany was defeated, all Allied power was turned against Japan
Hiroshima and Hagasaki
Early in the warm American scientists had secretly been developing an atomic bomb
After the Japanese government rejected Truman’s final warning, on Aug 6 an atomic bomb destroyed 60% of Hiroshima, a major Japanese industrial city
A second bomb was then dropped on Nagasaki 150,000 Japanese
Planning for War and Peace
January1943, roosevelt and Churchhill agreed to demand from the Axis Powers
November 1943, agreed that Japan should be stripped of its Pacific empire
Roosevelt’s Death
April 12, 1945 the President died suddenly

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19.4 notes

Schinler’s arc

Section 4

War on the home front

Main idea: To defeat Axis Powers, United States citizens from all walks of life committed to the war effort.

The Production Battle

As in World War 1, federal agencies took on the direction of private companies doing war work. After a Senate investigation revealed corruption and mismanagement among companies involved in war production, Roosevelt gave a War Production Boardstrong regulatory power.

Rapid Conversion to War Production

By 1942 nearly 35% of American production went to war materials.Soon, America’s production of war materials matched the total output of Germany, Italy and Japan combined.

Financing the War

To raise funds for war effort the government increased taxes and sold war bonds. •To help prevent strikes, a National War Labor Board was established to settle labor disputes by mediation.

The War And Social Change

As the need for defense workers increased in America, millions of men joined the military and more women than ever entered the workforce. Advertisements claimed that “If you can drive a car, you can run a machine.

Women Assume Nontraditional Roles

Women were encouraged to take up positions in the workforce from everyday things like the radio and the newspaper. They stepped into the men’s roles and took up hard labor jobs but the encountered resistance from their male coworkers.

Women Pilots

Out of 25,000 women who applied to be pilots only 2,000 made it, half of whom won their wings, however they were not allowed to fly for the military again until 1977. The government realized that even with the women in the workforce there was still slack to be picked up so the government removed the restrictions on women’s work hours allowing them to pick up the said slack.

Opportunities for African Americans

•Many African Americans left the south and got jobs in the Northeast, Midwest and California. •By 1945 thousands of African Americans gave up jobs in farming for jobs in manufacturing.

Resentment Toward Social Change

In California people were prejudice against the “Okies” who were farmers from Texas and Oklahoma who lost their farms in theDust Bowl. People were also prejudice against African Americans moving into new cities. In response to prejudice acts the Government established a the Fair Employment Practices Commission.

Detention of Japanese Americans

•Japanese Americans were put into detention camps because people thought their loyalty to Japan was stronger than their loyalty to the United States. •Despite the prejudice against Japanese Americans many of them stayed loyal to the United States and even tours with the U.S. Army

In-Class Movie

Oscar Shinler is a successful business man primarily due to the war. He financed his factory by borrowing money from Jewish people in the community. A member of the Nazi party and gives gifts to all high ranking fellow members.

Through the beginning of the movie, I discovered the corruption of the Nazis and how easily they could be paid off . Oscar Shinler essentially illuminated how paying off high ranking officials or giving out lavish gifts can make a huge impact. Obviously due to the war, Germans had all the power. So Jews were easily taken advantage of and used for the sole purpose of manual labor or simply making money for the Germans in power.  I also found it interesting that only the Jews that were “vital and useful to the war effort” were kept alive. It was so disturbing to see a man with only one arm shot on the spot, in front of women and children, because he was not “useful.”

It was shocking to see that even at the end of the war, Jews still feared for their lives. There really was not any point in time where they could be a peace with the world around them. It also surprised me that Oscar Shinler would risk his own life and riches for his fellow man. It appeared he only wanted to profit off the war, but really he had compassion for the Jewish People. It was horrible to see him fall to his knees in grief that he regretted not saving more lives. It is so unnerving that a war can physically, mentally, and emotionally destroy a person.

ch 19 assessment

Using Vocabulary.

Great Britain and France responded with an appeasement, a policy of giving aggressor nations what they wanted in order to prevent war.

Hitler followed a form of government called fascism where he was a dictator and ruled Germany.

Hitler was the dictator of Germany during the time of the Holocaust, when hundreds of thousands of Jews were persecuted and thrown into death camps.

Dictators, like Mussolini and Hitler, ran totalitarian states where they took away all the rights of an individual making it a nation that totally controls the life of the people.

Reviewing Facts

1. Europe’s policy of appeasement was a way that could help them stays out of war. An appeasement, or a policy of giving the aggressor nations what they want in order to avoid war, helped them state their opinion about war and advocate peace. In the United States, Roosevelt felt that they should stay neutral in the war. Like Europe, America, wanted to stay out of the war because of reasons like billions of dollars in debts that couldn’t be collected, and even the reputation World War 1 left them.

2. Soon after America’s decision to stay neutral in the war, Prime Minister Churchill asked the U.S. to loan 50 destroyers to protect them from Germany, and low and behold America responded to this request. Soon after America realized its Peril and Roosevelt ordered for 800,000 troops to be added to the armed forces. After Roosevelt was reelected, he suggested a lend lease policy, where the U.S. would lend goods to Britain. By the end of November 1941, very few Americans were preaching isolation.

3. Stalin pleaded with Roosevelt and Churchill for an invasion of Western Europe so that the Soviet Union could be released from the pressure of the Germans. Churchill responded by saying that Britain was just not ready to launch an invasion. After Churchill and Roosevelt formed an alliance, General Charles De Gaulle disapproved strongly of the United State’s recognizing a government in south France that was friendly to the Nazis. Stalin became an ally to the United States and Great Britain and the three relied on each other very much. Churchill later met with Chiang Kai-Sheck and agreed that Japan would be stripped of its Pacific empire and Korea given independence.

Understanding Concepts

International Alliances

1.

Military Conflict

2. Hitler’s first mistake was after he launched a second attack on the Soviets, and they fired back during the “cold winter” leaving the German’s weak and scared. Secondly, in Africa, America and British forces, pushed Rommel and his Afrika Korps into Tunisia, taking the reign away from the Germans and under the control of the Americans. Also Hitler lost Italy to the Americans and British as well. Thirdly, on “D-Day”, a million allied forces broke through the German Line finally making the Germans surrender in 1944.

Critical Thinking

1. Evaluating Policy: The policy of avoiding involvement in war may have been self defeating because then Roosevelt was forced to join the allies, which added to the increasing aggression toward the the United States.

2.The painting of V-J Day illuminates the many American citizens who were overjoyed to discover that bombing Japan was a success. Japan surrendered,the Axis Powers were no longer, and all American Citizens from every race and social class gathered together over this epic day in American History. Signs like “Japs Quit” where held up by many to highlight American victory.

3. The nation’s role in the United Nations illustrated the dramatic change WWII had made in long range US foreign policy. The US was the first nation to join the UN, showing that they were willing to uphold “faith in fundamental human rights” and  ”justice and respect.”

4. Analyzing Graphs

a. 1910-1920 was the smallest increase in the number of women joining the labor force. The largest increase was from 1940-1950.

b. In summation, when WWII occurred, the employment of women dramatically increased due to the lack of men available for open positions. Women filled men’s jobs when they were off fighting in the war.

A5

Objectives:19.1

1. America is in a lot of debt and the economy has slowed which makes the people put their needs before others.

2. Japan needed raw materials (natural resources which the lacked) and land because their country was over populated.

Overproduction:19.2

1. The countries that Germany was aggressive toward were:  Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, Denmark, then Belgium, etc. (low countries).

2. Roosevelt wanted to say neutral and not get involved but the are willing to sell arms, provided destroyers, and lent goods to britain known as Lend-Lease.

Objectives:19.3

1. Germany had inicial success in Europe but was eventually defeated by the Russians on the eastern front and the British and Americans on the Western Front on the Normandy Landings.

2. The Atlantic Charter was an agreement between Churchill and Roosevelt by each other’s nations to give military and economic support.  The Yalta conference stripped Japan of its empire and Korea was granted independence.

Objective sec 19.4:

1. Efforts to mobilize the economy for ware production included: consumer goods were limited in production so that factories could be used to make war goods, in addition most civilians and soldiers had such goods as coffee and gas rationed, also to raise money for the war gov sold bonds and placed taxes on lower and middle class people.

2. Women assumed many of the roles that were left unoccupied and also paid more than the had been in the past. African Americans were also given more opportunity in the work force but were still discriminated against. Japanese Americans were considered possible threats the US and were detained in camps until the war ended. Despite this oppresion, Americans remained loyal to the war effort.

Chapter 19 Assessment

Vocab

-Over 6 million Jews lost their lives in the Holocaust.

Reviewing Facts

Reasons for isolationist policies in the US and appeasement in Europe :

Chapter 18 Notes

Chapter 18 Section 1

1. Identify the traits that made FDR an effective leader.

- Character and deication to people (Man on principle)

-Politically experienced

-Man of action

-Supported causes that were beneficial to the world instead of popular belief

-Honest- sympathetic

-Ideals before success

-Morality, Man of people, Take Ideas from all people- go on radio to do fireside chats

-Recruit professors to counsel him to govern wisely

Could a handicap person be elected today?

2. Describe how FDR gathered support and ideas.

-Fire-side chat- FDR would talk on the radio and inform everyone on what the plans were- restore confidence

-Gathers a team of academics to counsel him on making decisions -Columbia University

-Open with the press, and held many press conferences – Available to media

Chapter 18 Section 2

Give Examples of how FDR policies helped and hurt the rural poor

-FDR established a federal Emergency Relief Administraiton

FERA provided a dole= welfare – direct gifts of money, food, and clothing

-The gov thought that doles would make people loose incentive, so needed to find an alternative

-Public Work Admin- offered jobs instead of handouts

-Most jobs- construction projects to improve infrastructure

-Civil Works Administration- hire jobless people

Civilian Conservation Corps- offered outdoor work to unemployed single men at 30$ a month and 22$ went to their families

-Government told farmers what to grow and what to plan, esp because FDR told them to cut back on growing when people were hungry

Compare the effectivness of meatures aimed at farmers and city workers

- Agricultural Adjustment Act- gov asked farmers to cut back on growing crops, the people who did received benefits

-Large commericial farmers benifited more that smaller farmers who only raised one crop

-Workers suffered when growers grew less because there were less jobs, esp for African Americans

NIRA-”codes of fair competition”- shortened work hours, minimum wage

Chapter 18 Section 3

List the special interest groups that challenged Rosevelt

-Father Charles E. Coughlin, the “radio Priest” whose broadcast reached 40 million people

-Huey Long- senator from Louisiana said the rich will give the poor homes

-Dr. Townsend, a former public, said that nation should take care of old people

Outline the steps the second New Deal took to achieve reform

–Work relief and Social Security

–Works Progress Aministration-provide a chance for people to use their skills to get a job and reiceve and income

The Social Security Act- provided an income

-Buisness and Labor

-Now, taxes were raised on the wealthy

Identify the events that led to the end of the New Deal

1. The Wagner Act- set up National Labor Board-”workers vote in secret, without the boss knowing” held secret elections in factories to find out whether workers wanted to unionize

The CIO- everyone needed to join a union

The Autoworkers Strike

-the sit down strike- workers held a strike by staying in the factory

Chapter 18 Section 4

NLRB

Roosevelt promised the nation that they could put the money back into the bank and their money would be insured up to 100,000$.

The SCC is formed to regulate the activity on Wall Street.

Fannie Mae- formed then, lent people money and provided loans for people

Ch 17 Section 3

Main Idea: As Franklin Roosevelt entered the White House, thousands of businesses and banks shut down and millions of families struggled to get by.

Want in the Land of Plenty

-The past optimism of the nation was no longer. A growing fear overwhelmed the nation.

Fear

-Loss of confidence was greatly detrimental. Some suffered emotionally because they were unemployed. Bankers were unwilling to lend money and businesses hesitated to be innovative.

Starvation

-Food was so cheap and plentiful that farmers were becoming dirt poor in rural areas. However, in cities people were desperately looking through garbage cans for scraps of food.

The Human Cost of the Depression

-Businesses were forced to cut wages as the economy worsened.

Wage Cuts and Unemployment

-Wages severely dropped that was soon followed by lay offs. Bread lines and soup kitchens were very prevalent and the government struggled to feed the poor citizens of the nation.

Hoovervilles

-When people were evicted from their homes, people who did not have family to move in with were forced into makeshift communities dubbed “Hoovervilles.” Some were forced to sleep on park benches, eat from trash cans, and others banded together in hunger riots. Apple sellers were the only surplus of food available in the Pacific Northwest.

The Bonus Army

-The veterans camped outside the White House to demand payment promised to them. Congress rejected their demands, some left and others refused to leave. They were removed using machine guns, tear gas, tanks, and soon after their camp was burned.

Fear of Revolution

-Americans blamed the industrialists and bankers for the Great Depression. Some people were trying to avoid paying taxes others were accused of corrupt business practices.

Radical Alternatives

-The unrest in society offered hope to both Socialists and Communists, who preached that the Depression marked the end of capitalism, which would soon be replaced by a system that distributed goods more fairly.

Using the Forces of Democracy

-No single leader emerged to galvanize them or act as a unifying force. Most Americans clung to their democratic traditions and expressed their anger at the ballot box.

The Election of 1932

-As the presidential election of 1932 approached, the Democrats sensed victory for the first time since 1916.

The Candidates

-The Democrats chose New York Governor Franklin D Roosevelt as their candidate.

The Campaign

-The Democratic platform of 1932, urged the repeal of Prohibition and made general proposals for reform and recovery. The recovery gloomily renominated  Hoover. Americans favored the overthrow of capitalism.

Banking Panic

The 20th amendment was added to the Constitution, changing the date of the presidential inauguration from March to January

Hoover as President acted as a lame duck or an officer with very little influence

The entire banking system disintergrated

Many banks closed

Ch 17 Section 2G

Main Idea: The Hoover administration struggled to solve the nations’s vast economic problems.

Objectives: List the ways in which Hoover tried to end the Depression

• Government help to banks and businesses
• Asked Labor leaders to abandon wage demands,
• Industry leaders to keep employment high,
• Bankers to continue lending
• Favored disarmament

Describe the change in policy toward Latin America under Hoover.

Hoover abandoned military intervention in Latin American countries. Hoover withdrew troops from Nicaragua and refused to intervene in the affairs of Latin American states had  repudiated their debts to the US “non intervention policy.”

Describe the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine and evaluate its effectiveness.

The Hoover Stimson Doctrine was designed to enlist world opinion against aggressor nations, did nothing to aid China and served only to irritate the Japanese. Stimson wanted the policy to act as a warning, which later might be backed up by economic or military. Hoover said that the US was not responsible for policing other nations. It was effective though Congress had to override Hoover’s veto. The american people no longer wanted to defend the islands, upholding the American anti-imperialist past.

Moratorium- suspension

Hoover’s Policies

- Leaders to abandon wage demands

-Industry leaders to keep employment hight

-Bankers to continue lending

-Believed in Disarmament

-International Memorandum

-Not interfering in Latin America

Ch 17

Chapter 17 Section 1

“The Stock Market Crash” of 1929

1. How did President Hoover’s philosophy affect his economic policy?

His policy was a laissez faire government, which meant that the government would take a hands off approach and stay out of the way of affairs. Also, to use economic policy to banish poverty/government should help people to help themselves/ “Government should be the umpire in financial markets but should work to conserve natural resources, conduct scientific research and flood control.”

2. Explain the 4 major causes of the war.

1. The rise of consumer credit: the rise of installment plans

- widespread loss of confidence leads to the crash. Perceived value vs. real value.

2. Playing the stock market becomes a nation wide past time – stock prices go up

3. Illegal Manipulation of stock values (also buying stock on margin)

4. Government’s hands off policy toward business corruption

overproduction/under consumption/agricultural slump+ surplus/ Tax/ Tariff- tax on imported goods/hands off

*High taxes inhibits business production, consumer spending, which limits the $$ they could be putting into their business

* During the great depression taxes and tariffs remained high

Europe is still recovering from WW1 which hurt American Trade.

UNKNOWN

Speculator

ny stock exchange

History #15

When I first moved into the new neighborhood, I initially struggled to become friends with my next-door neighbor Mamacita Gucci Lupe Chici Selena. She was a lively Mexican woman, who appeared to be in a world of her own. She consistently had bloodshot eyes, laughed at incredibly unfunny jokes, and played Mexican music loudly from her beat up car, which I keyed on a consistent basis. In reality, she was constantly high off the drugs she dealt to neighborhood children.

At first I was polite but then I was driven to anger. It frustrated me that this Mexican drug dealer had the nerve to preach to me about the biblical covenant, when she was selling illegal substances to young children. The irony of it made me spite her and I decided to destroy her victory garden containing contraband. One night, when her boyfriend Don Pablo came over, I decided to light the garden on fire. However, as I was lighting the garden, I began to inhale the fumes from the growing marijuana. The overwhelming sensation caused me to reconsider her presence next door and I decided to call animal control to deport her. When the po-po came to collect the diseased dog, they were surprised to find she was an actual human. They refused to remove her from the neighborhood so they asked us to come to a mutual understanding to stay out of each other’s way. We did bong hits from an armistice bong and ever since we have been friendly toward each other. I can honestly say Mamacita Gucci Lupe Chici Selena has the best weed ever.